不管犯人坐牢时间多长，也不管他们犯罪情节多严重(此由法律专家的单独专家组测评)，都与最后获假释的判决无关。

Nor did the length of time the offenders had already spent in prison, nor even the severity of their crimes (as assessed by a separate panel of legal experts).

youdao

此证据由两名独立证人提供。

The evidence was corroborated by two independent witnesses.

《牛津词典》

此饰品由红榴石头制成。

The ornament is made of rhodolite stone.

youdao

Every regime is an answer consciously or not to the oldest political question of all ? who governs? Who should govern?

每一个政体都是答案，无论是否有此自觉,每一个都是最古老政治问题的答案,由谁统治？谁该被统治？

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

I told you that that's driven by a protein called RNA polymerase.

此过程由称为RNA聚合酶的蛋白所介导

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选