他们具有来自父母一方的一个异常基因和来自父母另一方的一个正常基因。

They have one abnormal gene from that parent and one normal gene from the other parent.

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但如果这个正常基因也出于任意原因而失效，则会导致癌症。

But if that normal gene breaks down, for whatever reason, then cancer results.

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这些基因的变异能够扰乱正常基因调控并可能影响许多其他基因的功能。

Mutations in these genes could disrupt normal gene regulation and potentially affect the function of many other genes.

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It might be a plasmid that contains a promoter that works in lung cells and that has the cystic fibrosis gene.

这个质粒带有,可以在肺细胞表达的启动子和正常基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When this animal makes milk, it makes all the normal milk proteins, but it also activates your gene of interest as well.

那么当这一后代泌乳的时候,它不仅表达出自身正常的奶蛋白质,也激活了目的基因的表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Here the unique thing was that there's a restriction site inside that is present in normal DNA and not present in sickle DNA.

刚才例子中,特性就是在正常的基因中,有酶切位点,而在患者的基因中却没有

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选