但在每天的科学实践中,发现往往遵循一条模糊和复杂的路径。
But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.
不幸的是,一些科学新闻也会过度简化、概括他们的主题材料,以至于模糊了所传达的基本信息,或者最糟糕的是,传达明显错误的信息。
Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material to the point that the basic information conveyed is obscured or at worst, obviously wrong.
公众对科学家的不信任部分源于对科学与技术、发现与制造之间界限的模糊。
Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture.
These invisible, vague things can never form the basis of a serious science.
这些不可见,定义模糊的东西,不能被划入严谨的科学范畴里。
When it comes to humans, the notions of reward and punishment and so on that Skinner tried to extend to humans are so vague it's not science anymore.
说到人类,那些斯金纳试图应用于人类身上的,奖励和惩罚之类的概念,定义太过模糊,所以不能再当做科学来看待。
But in order to do so, you have to use terms like "punishment" and "reward" and "reinforcement" in such a vague way that in the end you're not saying anything scientific.
但如果你要这样去做,你就必须将惩罚,奖励“,强化之类的术语概念模糊化,最终你所作出的解释便毫无科学性。
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