南极海岸除了一年中来回变动的海冰外，还有长久存在的冰架（就是附着于海岸线，处于半漂浮状态的厚冰层）。

The presence or absence of sea ice affects both ocean surface waters and ice shelves.

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顶端厚：涉及到保持架窗口在上端部所留钢铁的厚度，以高度计量。(参考：窗孔)。

TOPS: Refers to thickness of steel left at upper end of pocket, measured in height. (See: pocket).

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顶端厚：涉及到保持架窗口在上端部所留钢铁的厚度，以高度计量。(参考：窗孔)。

Refers to thickness of steel left at upper end of pocket, measured in height. (See: pocket).

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