野生撒尔沙、野生燕麦、玉竹和大量的林下叶层植物相继死光；宾夕法尼亚莎草之类的草类物种接管了领地。

Wild sarsaparilla, wild oats, Solomon's seal and a host of understory plants die off; grass-like species such as Pennsylvania sedge take over.

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林木之中，郁郁葱葱的林下叶层半掩着铝制的洗碗机散件和不锈钢炊具，它们的塑料把手虽已开裂，却依然坚固。

Amid the trees, half-concealed by a spreading understory, lie aluminum dishwasher parts and stainless steel cookware, their plastic handles splitting but still solid.

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我们把它们称作中心树，或者更亲切地称之为母树。因为事实证明，这些中心树哺育着它们的小树，那些小树都处在林下叶层。

We call those hub trees, or more fondly, mother trees, because it turns out that those hub trees nurture their young, the ones growing in the understory.

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