In which a new way to calculate element internal forces and nodal stiffness directly without transformation from membrane element to equal bar element is submitted.
其中，对于膜结构的单元内力及节点刚度，提出了一种新的计算方法，该方法可直接由膜单元确定单元内力及节点刚度，而无需将膜单元转换成等效的杆单元。
参考来源 - 索和膜结构形状确定理论研究Brief introduction of element: this discourse introduce twenty nodes concrete element, twenty nodes elastomer element, three nodes equality parameter link element, two nodes link element.
单元简介：介绍了二十节点混凝土单元、二十节点弹性体单元、三节点等参杆单元、二节点杆单元。
参考来源 - 钢筋混凝土的三维非线性有限元分析·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
将桩看作是一维的弹性杆单元。
The pile can be treated as one dimensional elastic pole unit.
该杆单元假设为直杆，在端部施加力为轴向荷载，材料特性沿全长均质。
The SPAR element assumes a straight bar, axially loaded at its ends, and of uniform properties from end to end.
将单桩简化为受侧摩阻力的弹性杆单元，土体简化为均质弹性半空间无限体。
The single pile is simplified to elastic shaft elements suffering skin friction and the soil mass is considered to be homogeneous isotropic elastic semi space.
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