未来现金流量的现值，由期望的现金流量、期望现金流量的风险以及货币的时间价值三个因素决定；
The present value of future cash flow is determined by such three factors as expected cash flow, the risk of expected cash flow, and the time value of money.
四个通常的产生统计以比较方案的用于投资决策方法是：现值法、年值法、期望值法和回报率法。
Four commonly used investment decision methods that generate statistics to compare projects are present worth, annual worth, future worth, and rate of return.
当市场是完备时，任意衍生证券的现值等于该证券未来收益折现值在等价鞅测度下的数学期望。
When the market is complete, the present value of any derivative security is equivalent to mathematical expectation of its underlying profit discount value under equivalent martingale measurement.
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