当表示新知识的新词出现时，汉族人的PNK无须增补网络的节点而只须增补连接原有节点的有向弧就行了。
When new words indicating new knowledge arise, the PNK of Chinese people only need to augment directional arcs linking old nodes without augmenting the number of their nodes.
引入资源回路和有向辅助弧的概念，通过对其活性进行控制而提高系统的可靠性。
A concept of resource loop and directed assistant arc are drawn into to improve reliability by controlling its activity.
若有向图t中任意两个顶点之间恰有一条弧，则称T为竞赛图。
A tournament t is a directed graph in which there is exactly one arc between any two vertices.
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