建立了双频载波相位观测模型，并将其进行无电离层延迟化简，用最小二乘原理推导了天顶湿延迟的估值公式。

The dual-frequency carrier phase observation equation is built and ionosphere-free predigested, the estimate formula of zenith wet delay is deduced with least square method.

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利用最小二乘法和龙格库塔方法求解含时薛定谔方程，研究了一维原子模型在超强激光场中的电离。

The ionization of one dimensional model atoms in ultra intense laser fields has been studied by solving time dependent Schrdinger equation using the least square fitting and the Runge Kutta methods.

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论文采用统计求和法推导出系统自由能的表达式，利用系统自由能对粒子数取最小值的原理得到计算电离度的沙赫方程。

And the equation to calculate ionization rate is obtained at the base of the principle that the system free energy is the least versus the particle number.

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