锻造工艺不当也会出现晶粒大或不均，硬化裂纹现象，锻造成本高于铸造法兰。
Improper forging process will also appear large grain or uneven, hardening crack phenomenon, forging cost is higher than the casting flange.
激光相变硬化机理主要是马氏体强化和晶粒细化。
The mechanism of laser hardening is martensitic hardening and grain refining.
本文研究了微量元素钒、钛在非调质钢中的析出硬化作用和细化晶粒作用。
The precipitation hardening effect and the grain refining effect of trace elements vanadium and titanium in microalloyed steels were researched on.
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