测量中，把扫描隧道显微镜的探针扫描线作为参考栅，把物质原子晶格栅结构作为试件栅，对这两组栅线干涉形成的云纹进行了纳米级变形测量。
In the measurement, the moire pattern is generated by the scanning line of scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic lattice of substance as a specimen grating.
在考虑了有限的下能级寿命和激光能级与晶格场的相互作用的基础上，对四能级激光的速率方程组进行了求解。
The rate equations for a continuous four level laser are solved in this letter, taking into account the finite lower level lifetime and the crystal field splitting of the laser levels.
超晶格的至少一个层组可以是基本上未掺杂的。
At least one group of layers of the superlattice may be substantially undoped.
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