艺伎的训练非常艰苦，许多年轻的日本初学者远未达到专业水准便早早退出了。
And the training can be arduous: many young Japanese novices falling by the wayside well before reaching the professional ranks.
1998年日本文部科学省(原文部省)对日本初中理科课程标准进行了新的改订，这是二战后日本初中理科课程标准的第六次改订。
The Ministry of Education of Japan carried on a new reform of standard of science curriculum of junior middle school in 1998.
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