旋转的细菌，在表面形成一层受约束的纤维素线。
The bacteria spin cellulose threads, which bind on the surface forming a layer.
直接位点标记的旋转电子顺磁共振可以得到更长的距离约束数据，但是目前的标记策略仍然具有局限性。
Longer distance constraints are determined by site-directed spin labelling electron paramagnetic resonance, but current labelling strategies still constitute some limitation.
应用矢量旋转公式及连杆运动约束方程，我们可以求得连杆转角及连杆曲线上点的坐标值。
With the aid of the formula for the rotation of a vector and constraint equations for the connecting rod, the rotation Angle and the coordinates of path points of the connecting rod can be obtained.
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