因为较高的集中度和新进入者的高障碍使得公司间缺乏竞争。
Competition among firms is stifled, with very high levels of concentration and high barriers to new entrants.
即使共识可以达成并持续，但仍然可能会被规模更小的竞争者或新进入企业这种外部力量而破坏。
Even if an understanding can be co-ordinated and policed, it could still be broken by outside forces, such as smaller competitors or new entrants.
旁白：规章制度意味着主要的航空公司，比如泛美航空公司，永远不必和新进入者竞争。
NARRATOR: Regulations meant that major carriers like Pan Am never had to compete with newcomers.
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