本文提出了对立在科技德语文献中的十一种表示法，并用实例予以详细阐述。

Eleven expressions of the opposition in scientific German are proposed and their detailed explanation with a number of examples given in this paper.

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本文提出了德语狭义原因在科技文献中的七种表示法，并用实例予以详细阐述。

Seven expressions of the causality in the narrow sense in scientific German are proposed and their detailed explanation with a number of examples given in this paper.

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