帮助重新组织目录和文件的工具也是可用的，但是这些工具使我们远离比特、字节和扇区。
Tools are also available to help reorganize directories and files, but these tools keep us safe from bits, bytes, and sectors.
原始材料可能由 RAM 或硬盘组成，但是不管是哪种情况，文件系统数据结构都是组织由硬件制造商格式化了的扇区和字节。
The metal might consist of RAM or hard disks, but in either case, file system data structures organize the sectors and bytes formatted by the hardware manufacturer.
坏扇区降低硬盘性能，有时甚至使数据写入(如文件保存)困难，甚至是不能。
Bad sectors slow down hard disk performance and sometimes make data writing (such as file saving) difficult, or even impossible.
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