镀镍前或锡电镀间的阴极接触不良，放电火花将铜材熔成凹洞。
Before or tin plating nickel plating of bad contacts between the cathode, discharge sparks will melt into hollow copper hole.
测试了锂离子蓄电池电镀锡阳极在不同充电（合金化）状态和不同充放电循环次数后的电化学阻抗谱。
The impedance spectrum of the electroplating tin anode for Li-ion batteries is measured at various states of charge(alloying)and after charge-discharge cycles.
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