Friction work on the contact patch of wheel/rail is inversely proportional to curve radius. Correspondingly, the wear volume of rail sample is inversely proportional to curve radius.
轮轨接触斑上的摩擦功随曲线半径的减小迅速增加;摩擦功大小与曲线半径成反比,对应的钢轨磨损量也与曲线半径成反比。
参考来源 - 钢轨滚动磨损模拟试验与计算分析·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
磨损量与滑动摩擦功呈线性关系，与滑动距离成正比。
Mass loss is linear with sliding friction works and in proportion to sliding distances.
所以摩擦力做负功-，转化成热能。
理论上，一个无摩擦力的，或者说是理想的机器，输入和输出的功相等，因此效率是1，或者说是100%。
In a theoretically frictionless, or ideal, machine, the work input and work output are equal, and the efficiency would be 1, or 100%.
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