固定损耗是由系统自身所用材料、表面处理决定的，包括菲涅耳损耗、球差损耗、衍射损耗、色散损耗、吸收损耗等。
The invariable loss comes from the materials and surface processing of the system itself, such as the loss of Fresnel, ball aberration, diffraction, chromatic aberration and absorb.
本文着眼于这一机制，运用有限差分法对光纤光栅中布拉格孤子的传输进行数值模拟，进而研究光栅色散渐减和损耗对布拉格孤子传输的影响。
Effects of dispersion decreasing and loss on Transmission of Bragg solitons in fiber Bragg gratings is analyzed by simulating numerically the transform of Bragg solitons.
医疗服务可及性低、公平性差导致居民健康产出水平低、医疗服务满意度差，并造成巨大的人力资本损耗和经济损失。
The low availability, unfair health services have brought great loss on human resources and lead to the low satisfaction and health output in the existing health system.
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