美国哲学家皮尔士根据符号与指称对象之间的关系把符号分为类象符号、指示符号、抽象符号。
American philosopher Peirce divided signs into icon, index and symbol according to the relation between sign and its object.
各种指称关系都与指示词所处的局部语境甚至整个语篇息息相关。
All these relationships are closely related with the local contexts and even the whole discourses.
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