直立式防波堤是最常用的外海防护建筑物和护岸建筑物之一，作用于它的主要荷载是波浪力。
Vertical breakwater is one of typical maritime sheltering structures, which is mainly subjected to wave forces.
丁坝是河道及航道整治工程中一种常用的重要建筑物，具有控制河势、保护岸滩、束水攻沙及壅高水位等多种功能。
The spur-dike is a common important building which is usually used in river course improvement projects, controlling river trend, bend protection, beam attack sand and high water levels.
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