显微镜下检测显示出纳米级别的黄金粒子能够在细菌的细胞膜上形成孔洞，从而削弱细菌对抗生素的抵抗能力。

When examined under a microscope it was revealed that the gold within the nanoparticles actually creates holes in the cell walls of the bacteria, thereby weakening its resistance to the antibiotics.

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不论是对住院或门诊的治疗急性肾盂肾炎病人都应完成14天疗程抗生素治疗(证据级别，A)。

Patients with acute pyelonephritis should complete 14 days of total antimicrobial therapy, regardless of whether treatment is on an inpatient or outpatient basis (level of evidence, a).

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对的非复杂的急性细菌膀胱炎的妇女，包括妇女65年和更老，应该给予抗生素治疗3天(证据级别，A)。

For uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis in women, including women 65 years and older, antibiotics should be administered for 3 days (level of evidence, a).

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