当我们考试不及格时，来自老师或父母的鼓励使我们更加努力学习。
When we fail the exam, encouraging words from our teachers or parents make us work harder at our lessons.
当父母与孩子谈论“我们今天做了什么”、“上周做了什么”或“去年做了什么”时，他们在引导孩子构造一个谈论过去的框架。
When parents talk with children about "what we did today" or "last week" or "last year", they guide the children's formation of a framework for talking about the past.
我们中的很多人都听过父母或身边亲近的人提出的类似建议。
Many of us have heard suggestions like these put forward by parents or others close to us.
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