碱金属是导致高炉料柱透气性恶化、炉况失常、频繁悬料和在炉身结瘤的一个重要原因。
Alkali metals are one of the important causes that leads to poor permeability of charge column, irregular furnace operation, frequent hanging and scaffolding in the stack.
上面有空间，但均是悬挑的无柱结构。
There are spaces above, but it is all cantilevered with no columns.
钻柱在上提、下放的开始和终了悬点的应力要发生很大变化，其中以上提过程的终了时变化最大。悬点的应力变化产生速度波和应力波沿钻杆向下传递。
When a drill string moves upward or downward in a well, significant stress variations at the suspension point are caused by the starting and stopping of the motion.
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