人们其实并不依据他的当年收入来决定开支，而是按照"恒常所得"（他们期望年复一年的收入）来花销，在收入很低的时候，他们常常可能会花光存款，即使有飞来横富的收入时候，他们并不愿意多花钱。

People, he suggested, did not spend on the basis of what their income happened to be that year, but according to their “permanent income”—what they expected to have year in and year out.

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