“总量效应”主要从总需求和总供给的角度来解释油价波动对经济的影响，主要包括“实际余额效应”、“供给冲击假说”和“收入转移假说”。
Aggregate channels explained the asymmetry from the view of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, including the real balance effect, supply-side shocks and income transfers.
同奥巴马一样，为了解决温室效应，他也提倡建立总量管制与排放交易体系，但他会分发许可证，而不是拍卖它们。
Also like Mr Obama, he proposes a cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gases, but he would give away the permits, not auction them.
中心城市储备银行可以在自身黄金储备基础上金字塔式增加纸币和存款总额，而在他们的信贷扩张基础上，会对货币总量产生一个多重倒金字塔式叠加效应。
The central reserve city Banks could pyramid notes and deposits on top of gold, and thereby generate multiple inverse pyramids of monetary expansion on top of their own expansion of credit.
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