在伯川德竞争假设下，研究两期保险完全分离均衡存在的充要条件。

Under the hypotheses of Bertrand competition, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the fully separating equilibrium of two-stage insurance are studied.

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总部位于旧金山的 Switch 风险投资公司合伙人保罗·阿诺德抱怨道，“他们买下这些初创企业然后将其关闭”，将那些有朝一日可能会成长为竞争对手的企业扼杀于摇篮。

"They bought the seedlings and closed them down," complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting an end to businesses that might one day turn into competitors.

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几个月前，我被提名为纽约州州长，与斯图尔特·伍德福德和约翰·霍夫曼竞争。

A few months ago I was nominated for Governor of the great state of New York, to run against Stewart Woodford and John Hoffman.

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Just a quick check and this is not for the camera, how many of you have seen Bertrand competition before?

我们迅速了解一下,这不是为了录影,你们谁之前学过伯川德竞争

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So the first thing we're going to do today is look at a different form of competition which is called Bertrand competition.

所以今天我们要做的第一件事,就是来学习一个不同形式的竞争,叫伯川德竞争

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

The Cournot was competing in quantities and Bertrand is competing in prices.

古诺是在产量上竞争,而伯川德是在价格上竞争

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选