很多早期的人工智能的成功发生在单一、形式化的环境下，不需要计算机对世界有太多的知识。

Many of the early successes of AI took place in relatively sterile and formal environments and did not require computers to have much knowledge about the world.

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本体是由知识中的概念、概念间的关系以及计算机可以识别的形式化描述语言组成的实体。

An ontology is the entity which composes of the concept of knowledge, the relationship between the concepts and formal description language can be identified by computers.

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计算机能够自动的通过逻辑推理规则来推理这些用形式化语言描述的陈述。

A computer can reason about statements in these formal languages automatically using logical inference rules.

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