当年一道巨大的无冰走廊，一头向着通过太平洋一侧的洛基山脉一路向南延伸至美国各地，另一头深深延伸至被大陆冰层覆盖着的加拿大广袤土地。
The way further south into the rest of America was through an ice-free corridor between the Rocky Mountains on the Pacific side, and the vast continental ice-sheet covering Canada on the other.
冰川时期的数据表明，早在20世纪70年代和80年代，老海冰一旦流入波弗特海，一般就能安然渡过当年夏天的冰融季节。
Ice age data show that back in the 1970s and 1980s, old ice drifting into the Beaufort sea would generally survive the summer melt season.
冰川积累区的成冰，主要是当年积雪以融化-再冻结为主要变质成冰作用，平衡线以上附加冰带宽阔；
The main process of ice formation is the metamorphism from melting-refreezing of the seasonally accumulated snow, therefore there exists a broad belt of superimposed ice.
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