音色︰只用空弦拉奏；慢慢地拉奏音阶，一弓维持在 20-30 秒；所有以上半弓或下半弓练习；或对着镜子看（弓的）接触点。

Sound: play open strings alone; play slow scales, sustaining a 20- to 30-second bow; practice everything in the lower or upper half; or watch your contact point in the mirror.

youdao

我们今早的内容比较多，所以请快速为我们演奏一下音阶，揉弦，拨奏和碎弓。

We've got lots of things going on here this morning so just play a scale quickly and then vibrato, pizzicato and tremolo for us.

youdao

提琴是用弓来拉奏的。

The bow scrapes the fiddle.

youdao