三个基本的过程是异时性、异托位和异态。
Three basic processes are heterochrony, heterotopy, and heteromorphy.
异时性的系统发育研究是建立在系统发育假设的基础上的。
Phylogeny Studies of heterochrony are built upon the phylogenetic assumptions used.
蚂蚁从花朵中收获花粉时并不能保证一定可以产生异花授粉的效果：蚂蚁会爬到地面或其他植株上。
Cross-pollination isn't ensured when an ant picks up pollen off a pancake plant: The ant may then crawl to the ground or another species.
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