目的：介绍一种改良的开放式第一穿刺方法，并对几种腹腔镜手术第一穿刺方法的安全性进行探讨。
Objective: to introduce an improved direct method for first puncture and to study the safety of first puncture in laparoscopic surgery.
目的：评价腹膜后腹腔镜肾癌根治术和开放式肾癌根治术的临床疗效。
Objective: to evaluate the clinical curative effect between retroperitoneal laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy for renal carcinoma.
结论：腹腔镜疝修补术与开放式无张力疝修补手术时间、住院时间和术后复发两组无统计学差异。
Conclusions: The operation time, hospitalization time and postoperative recurrence rate are no statistically difference between laparoscopic and tension-free hernia repair.
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