地方法律限制了大商店获得土地的机会，现有零售商串通起来设定价格，固有的产业链迫使供应商排斥廉价的竞争者。
Local laws restricted access to land for large stores, existing retailers colluded on prices and incumbent chains pressed suppliers to boycott cheaper competitors.
在过去，来自欧洲公司的所谓特许经营产品通常是廉价促销赠品，所以零售商们倾向于把特许经营产品看作是一种广告形式而不值得在零售商店展示。
In the past, so-called licensed goods from European companies were often cheap promotional giveaways, so retailers tend to view licensed products as a form of advertising not worthy of shelf space.
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