1761年德国人F.卡斯特在纽伦堡市创建了法泊·卡斯特铅笔厂,采用硫磺、锑等作粘结剂与石墨加热混合制造铅芯,使铅笔制造技术前进了一大步。1790~1793年,法国N.J.康德首次采用水洗石墨的办法,使石墨的纯度提高,并用粘土将石墨粘结制成笔芯,此法被称为康德法
概括起来,康德法哲学具有三个特点:首先,他以先天概念来立证法权和国家;
To sum up, there are three characters of Kant's law philosophy: First, he used the concept of priori to verify right and state;
康德道德情感的主要体现是对道德法则和职责的敬重。
Kant's moral feelings are mainly embodied in the admiration of moral laws and duty.
康德的道德法则和绝对律令来自纯粹实践理性。
Kant's moral principles and absolute laws come from purely practical ration.
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