平均差值平均差 mean range
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本文采用间接平差公式推导了逆转点法定向的严密计算公式，并与舒勒平均值及托马斯平均值作了比较。
The rigorous formula of gyroscopic orientation using turning points method is derived by L. S. adjustment in the paper. The comparisons to the Schuler and Thomas average are studied.
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