并且竹笋的死亡率是非密度制约的。

Furthermore, shoot mortality was density independent.

youdao

还有密度制约的生物因素，诸如病害、捕食和种内竞争等。

There are as well as density-dependent biological factors such as disease, predation, and intraspecific competition .

youdao

如果出生率和死亡率不随密度的变化而变换，则是非密度制约的。

Birth and death rates that do not change with density are density independent.

youdao