在寄生链中，较小的生物体消耗较大的宿主的身体部分，本身又可能被更小的生物体所寄生；
In a parasite chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by even smaller organisms.
本研究以重寄生链霉菌PR 和F46 为出发菌株，以靶标病原菌为指示菌，以紫外线为诱变因子，对它们进行了诱变改良研究。
The spores of hyperparasitic Streptomyces strains PR and F46 were irradiated with UV light to improve the control effects against plant diseases.
苹果树、金纹细蛾及其寄生蜂通过取食、寄生、重寄生等方式，在自然界中构成了4级营养食物链（网），相互依存，协同进化。
The apple trees, Lithocolletis ringoniella and its parasitic wasps constituted the 4 grade nutritional food chain(web) in the natural capital, and they were interdependent and coevolution.
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