除了抗生素，许多被称为宿主防御增效剂(HDPs)、蛋白束多聚糖或多糖蛋白复合物（PSPCs）的物质已经从蕈类中分离出来。

Besides antibioties, a large number of subtances known as Host Defence Potentiators(HDPs), Protein bound Polysaccharide or Polysaccharide-Protein Complexes(PSPCs) have been isolated from mushrooms.

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然而有所不同的是，弓形虫无法像疟原虫那样依靠其宿主（蚊子）的天性而到处传播，他们的啮齿类宿主极不情愿帮助他们“挪窝”（这意味着被猫吃掉）。

Unlike Plasmodium, however, which can rely on the natural behaviour of mosquitoes to spread it around, Toxoplasma’s rodent hosts have a strong aversion to helping it into its next home.

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史密斯博士说这些虱子不会在他的系统树上出现，除非它们转变成寄生在胎盘类哺乳动物身上的物种，而大多数虱子不会经常变换宿主。

These lice would not show up in his tree, Dr. Smith said, unless they had been able to transfer to the placental mammalian species, and most lice do not regularly switch hosts.

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