当实际产出低于潜在产出水平，对稀缺的销售量和工作的竞争就会对通货膨胀产生向下的压力。
When actual output falls short, competition for scarce sales and jobs puts downward pressure on inflation.
用对的衡量标准来评估营销极大化：销售量与利润并重；在乎实际消费量而不是市场占有率；在乎未来购买频次的总占比而不是名牌知名度。
Use the right yardsticks: focus on both volume and profits; on actual consumption, not share of market; and on share of future purchase, not brand awareness.
征税对购买者实际购买价格，卖者实际得到价格和销售量有何影响？
How does a tax on a good affect the price paid by buyers, the price received by sellers, and the quantity sold?
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