实物货币(黄金)尽管有许多不利之处，但其价值毕竟受到实际生产成本的牵系。
For all its disadvantages, commodity money (gold) was at least tethered to reality by a real cost of production.
那些钱大部分到了大规模土地拥有者和农业企业的手里，使美国出口商能够在低于实际生产成本30%至50%的价位倾销大米。
That money, most of which went to a handful of very large landowners and agribusiness corporations, allowed U.S. exporters to sell rice at 30% to 50% below their real production costs.
而且考虑到毛利润只计入了直接生产成本，却排除了销售、流通、管理及财务费用，因此实际利润增长率还要小的多。
But gross margins take account only of the direct costs of production; they exclude selling, distribution, administrative and financial costs, which have all risen more slowly.
应用推荐