结果，一次性的减税(正如1975年所采取的那些措施一样)并没有刺激消费，因为它们没有改变人们长期收入。
In consequence, one-time tax rebates (such as those adopted in 1975) do not result in more consumption because they do not alter people's permanent income.
它们目的不在于刺激消费者购买产品，而是说服他们从特定的公司购买所需产品。
They're not aimed at motivating consumers to buy a product, but rather convincing them to buy a desired product from a particular company.
这些国家使得问题越来越糟糕：它们通过救济经和差价人为的刺激对汽油的需求，使得消费者尽管在油价上涨的情况下仍然不会少开一些。
These countries make matters worse by artificially inflating demand for petrol through subsidies or price caps, which leave consumers with little incentive to drive less even as the oil price surges.
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