孪晶结构的形成依靠堆垛层错的滑移运动而形核和扩展。
The formation of twin structure depends on the slip of stacking fault for nucleating and extending.
增碳层中的碳化物主要为M_（23）C_6。 马氏体带由位错马氏体、孪晶马氏体、残余奥氏体和少量碳化物组成；
The carbonide in the recarburized layer is mainly M23C6. The martensitic zone is composed of dislocation martensite, twinning martensite, residual austenite and a little carbonide.
金属和合金中的面缺陷包括晶界、亚晶界、孪晶界、相界、堆垛层错、外表面等。
The plane defects of metals and alloys include grain boundary, sub-grain boundary, twins grain boundary, phase boundary, stacking fault, outward surface, etc.
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