研究对象应该是可观察的行为而不是内部思想过程。特别地，学习由行为的变化表征。

Observable behavior rather than internal thought processes are the focus of study. In particular, learning is manifested by a change in behavior.

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两岁的宽吻海豚莫林用它的喙突(那是它细长的鼻子)来操作触摸屏，学习由符号联想到物体。

Merlin, a two-year-old bottlenose, USES his rostrum (that's his elongated beak) to operate the touchscreen, learning to associates symbols with objects.

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这个主意本身是由探究动物如何学习的桑代克用最好的形式所提出的。

The idea itself was developed in the nicest form by Thorndike who explored how animals learn.

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So, the idea itself was developed in the nicest form by Thorndike who explored how animals learn.

这个观点,是由探究动物如何学习的,桑代克所提出的。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

All right, now what we're going to learn next time and Bob Field is going to teach the lecture next time, is how heat and work are related, and how they're really the same thing, and how they're related through the first law, through energy conservation.

这节课就到这里,下节课将由Bob，Field讲授,我们将学习功与热量的关系，认识到它们在本质上的相同之处，并通过热力学第一定律，亦即能量守恒定律，把它们联系起来。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选