为何雌激素(E)加孕激素(P)的激素替代疗法(HRT)可增加妇女患乳腺癌的危险呢？

Why does hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogens (e) plus progestins (p) increase the risk of breast cancer?

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女性健康机构于2002年提前终止了激素替代疗法，以为他们发现联合使用雌激素和孕激素疗法后，乳腺癌发病率增加了24%。

The Women's Health Initiative study was halted prematurely in 2002 because of a 24 percent higher risk of breast cancer associated with the combination therapy of estrogen and progestin.

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吸烟可能因为减少雌激素暴露水平而减少患病危险，应用口服避孕药增加了孕激素水平从而减少患病。

Smoking seems to decrease estrogen exposure, thereby decreasing the cancer risk, and oral contraceptive use increases progestin levels, thus providing protection.

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