经济学论证国家存在的必要性有两个进路：市场失灵说和交易成本说。
As far as economics is concerned, there are also two ways: the failure of the market and the cost of exchange.
可以解决激励失灵问题；有利于促进正激励效果实现，克服正向激励不断加大企业成本的弊端。
It can solve the out of order of incentives and help to achieve the incentive effect and overcome the shortcomings of positive-incentive in big enterprises which increase the cost.
市场失灵常见的是，生产者和消费者没有考虑到他们行为的全部成本，如对第三方(外部环境)的污染。
Market failures commonly occur when producers and consumers do not take into account the full cost of their actions, such as pollution inflicted on third parties (environmental externalities).
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