是指波长较长、波幅较大、移动较慢、维持时间较长的波动。
大气下行长波辐射 downward atmospheric long-wave radiation
大气顶的长波逸出辐射 Outgoing long wave radiation at atmospheric top
射电望远镜安装在月球背面就可以探测到那些无法在地球表面被检测到的长波，因为它们都被地球大气层的最外层吸收了。
A lunar-based radio telescope would be able to detect long wavelengths that cannot be sensed on Earth because they are absorbed by the outermost layers of the planet's atmosphere.
结果表明：形成大雾的主要原因是大气层结稳定，水汽充沛，地面的长波辐射冷却；
The results showed that longwave radiative cooling is very important for the formation of the fog in addiation to steady atmospheric stratification and plenty of moisture.
利用带模式方法计算了低层大气的长波冷却率。
In this paper, we use the band model to calculate the atmospheric long-wave cooling rates.
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