银行资本由普通股和其他多种金融工具组合而成。其中，普通股在危机来临时首当其冲；其他金融工具多由股票和债务构成。
Their capital is a mix of common equity, which is first in line when losses strike, and various other instruments, often hybrids of equity and debt.
法案以多种方式扩大了监管，诸如消费者保护；提供主要机构的资金标准；要求复杂金融工具提高透明度。
The bill extended regulation in a number of ways: consumer protection, higher capital standards for major institutions, greater transparency for complex financial instruments.
信贷市场的演进造就了多种多样难以解开的复杂金融工具。
The whole evolution of the credit markets resulted in all sorts of complex financial instruments that are difficult to unwind.
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