1983年美国哈佛大学的心理学家霍华德·加德纳在《精神状态》一书中提出,人有“多元智慧”。其后,1991年由美国耶鲁大学心理学家彼得·塞拉维和新罕布什尔大学的琼·梅耶首创“情商”(EQ)一词。今天,在网上可以查询到许多诸如财商、健商、德商等等智慧概念。有的学者认为,人的成功20%依靠其智商、80%依靠其情商;有的学者提出,人有八种智慧(音乐、身体运动、数学逻辑、语言、反省、人际交往、空间和自然等智慧);还有学者提出成功智慧概念,主要指人的分析智慧、实用智慧和创新智慧。
语文智慧作为多元智慧的基本形态之一,其形成过程离不开阅读能力的培养。
Linquistic intelligence, as one of the primary forms of multi-intelligence, during its formation, is combined with the cultivation of reading ability.
某种程度来说,这是一片乐土,赋予象和人类非凡智慧和依靠多元化社群创造安康的能力。
It's this world, in part, that endowed both elephants and humans with exceptional intelligence, and a dependence on complex societies for their well-being.
就像符合我们这个多元化的民族性格- - -智慧,自由,灵活,愿意质疑传统的智慧和蔑视权威。
It seems to accord with so many elements of our national character - ingenuity, freedom, flexibility, the willingness to question conventional wisdom and defy authority.
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