外部成本 external cost ; LCEEC
边际外部成本 MEC ; Marginal External Cost ; Marginal externality costs
外部成本内部化原则 the Internalization of External Costs
即边际外部成本 Marginal External Cost ; MEC
外部失败成本 External failure costs
外部成本内部化 Internalization of External Cost
外部故障成本 External Failure Cost
外部损失成本 external failure cost
外部性成本 external cost
更高的价格，亦称为价格溢价，可以作为补偿农民的一种措施，补偿其为提供生态系统服务、避免环境破坏或外部成本带来的损失。
Higher prices, called price premiums, can be justified as a way to compensate farmers for providing ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage or external costs.
开采成本本身不高，而且外部投资正在将成本从矿山转移到市场。即便如此，澳大利亚可以以每吨25澳元的价格成本生产铁矿石。
It does not cost much to scrape it up, and the expense comes in moving costs from mine to market. Even so, Australia can produce iron ore for $25 a tonne.
当然，如果市场参与者的活动带来额外的(不由本人、而由社会所承担的)“外部”成本或效益，譬如污染，那么竞争就无法实现最优化了。
Of course if the activity of the market participants produces external costs or benefits-costs or benefits to nonparticipants, as in the case of pollution, competition will not optimize output.
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