靠近原子核的电子比外层轨道上的电子结合得紧。

Electrons closer to the nucleus are held more tightly than those in the outer orbits.

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本文提出了改进的判断原子及离子外层轨道能级高低次序和划分轨道能级组的规则。

In this paper, amended rules are suggested for determining the order of atomic and ionic outer-shell orbital energy level and for grouping the atomic orbital energy level.

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一氧化碳有很简单且独特的最外层轨道结构，两个并列的叶形从尖端的末梢伸出，一个带正相而另一个是负相。

Carbon monoxide has a simple but distinctive outermost orbital structure with two side-by-side lobes sticking out from the end of the tip, one with a positive phase and the other a negative phase.

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This should make a lot of sense, because we know that a hydrogen has 1 s as it's outer-most or valence orbital, so it can be filled up just with two 1 s electrons.

这也是很合理的，因为我们,知道氢只有，1，s，轨道,这就是它最外层的轨道或者说价轨道，因此只要两个，1，s，电子就可以将它填满。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So basically, that means one electron in an s orbital in their outer-most most shell.

因此基本上,这意味着那个在，s，轨道上价电子是最外层的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The other main difference that we're really going to get to today is that in multi-electron atoms, orbital energies depend not just on the shell, which is what we saw before, not just on the value of n, but also on the angular momentum quantum l number. So they also depend on the sub-shell or l.

我们今天要讨论的,另一个很重要的区别就是,在多电子原子中，轨道能力不仅仅依赖于，我们以前看到的外层，不仅仅依赖于n的值，而是与角动量量子数也有关系,所以它们也依赖于亚外层或者。

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